Stratery to generate jobs in Vietnam

The best way to address the participation of youth in the labor market is to define the unemployment rate for individuals at all ages. Among the youth age range from 15 – 24 years old, the one aged 15 – 19 make up the highest rates of unemployment, followed by the age group of 20–24. In contrast to what most people expect, males are relatively more likely to be unemployed than females in all age groups. In fact, it is important for the demographic researchers to take into consideration the school attendance rate in any of their survey relating labor force in the age range of 15 – 19. The higher the unemployment rate for these objects, the higher school attendance rate. However, overall, the high rates of unemployment in youth still indicate that young people are failing in looking for jobs in Vietnam.

The situation of lack of jobs in Vietnam for young people is not encouraging. There is a fact that underemployed workers are those who are employed but are willing and able to work more and the total number of underemployed workers accounted for about 7 percent of the labor force nationwide besides the number of people who totally have no jobs at all. Urban workers are less likely to be underemployed than rural workers (7.4 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively). As a result, the policy challenge for youth employment is to provide more job in Vietnam for underemployed youth so that they can work full time.

During the transition process of Vietnam economy, Vietnam Government has put great effort in addressing the problems of unemployment and underemployment nationalwide, especially for youth. There are general regulation and employment policies aiming at reducing the proportion of the unemployment in Vietnam. The taken actions include direct investment to generate new jobs through various national socio-economic development programs, or assistance such as loan credit, scholarship and the provision of schools for ethnic minority youth, vocational training programs.

Vietnamese government understands the importance of investment in youth to the future development of Vietnam. Proposing in the Socio-economic Development Strategy for Vietnam (2001–2010), Vietnam Youth’s union outlined the government’s approach to tackling youth issues by the Vietnam Youth Development Strategy. The strategy mainly aims at strengthening education and support young people in Vietnam. In the first phase five key programs must be carried out: (i) jobs in Vietnam for youth; (ii) providing youth with education level and professional skills; (iii) upgrade the science and technology qualifications of youth by developing young scientific capability; (iv) say no to crime and social evils among youth; and (v) building up the political stance and socialist patriotism for young people. Besides the Vietnam Youth Development Strategy, there are numerous other laws and policies implemented that focus on youth development, employability and support young talents. They can be identified as the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS). This strategy is expected to encourage the entrepreneurship, vocational training, job generation and income development for youth in Vietnam.

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